性能1．1ni合金电极的成分和制备半世纪来，国内外已有很多学者对用于电解水的阴极材料进行了研究，发现
xing neng 1 1ni he jin dian ji de cheng fen he zhi bei ban shi ji lai guo nei wai yi you hen duo xue zhe dui yong yu dian jie shui de yin ji cai liao jin hang le yan jiu fa xian
文就阴极材料镍合金的合成方法、析氢反应的催化性能、反应机理作一简述和分析。1 电极镍合金的制备和催化
wen jiu yin ji cai liao nie he jin de he cheng fang fa xi qing fan ying de cui hua xing neng fan ying ji li zuo yi jian shu he fen xi 1 dian ji nie he jin de zhi bei he cui hua
位非贵金属合金在制氢中有非常重要的应用价值。随着人们的深入研究，发现镍合金有着良好的析氢摧化活性，本
wei fei gui jin shu he jin zai zhi qing zhong you fei chang zhong yao de ying yong jia zhi sui zhe ren men de shen ru yan jiu fa xian nie he jin you zhe liang hao de xi qing cui hua huo xing ben
d以及其合金为主，这类金属合金虽然有很低的析氢过电位，但价格昂贵无法推广。研究廉价的、具有低析氢过电
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键为降低电解能耗，其中最有效的方法是降低阴极析氢反应的过电位，早期电解水制氢的阴极材料主要以pt、p
jian wei jiang di dian jie neng hao qi zhong zui you xiao de fang fa shi jiang di yin ji xi qing fan ying de guo dian wei zao qi dian jie shui zhi qing de yin ji cai liao zhu yao yi pt p
制氢具有产品纯度高、作简单的特点。电解水制氢是将电能转化成化学能的一种装置。实现大规模工业化制氢的关
zhi qing ju you chan pin chun du gao zuo jian dan de te dian dian jie shui zhi qing shi jiang dian neng zhuan hua cheng hua xue neng de yi zhong zhuang zhi shi xian da gui mo gong ye hua zhi qing de guan
化制氢；煤气化法以煤为原料，通过水煤气变换反应催化制氢；电解水制氢基本上是一种成熟的制氢方法，电解水
hua zhi qing mei qi hua fa yi mei wei yuan liao tong guo shui mei qi bian huan fan ying cui hua zhi qing dian jie shui zhi qing ji ben shang shi yi zhong cheng shu de zhi qing fang fa dian jie shui
前成熟的工业制氢方法有蒸汽转化法、煤气化法和电解水制氢法。蒸完美世界国际版任务汽转化法主要以天然气为原料，通过蒸汽的催
qian cheng shu de gong ye zhi qing fang fa you zheng qi zhuan hua fa mei qi hua fa he dian jie shui zhi qing fa zheng wan mei shi jie guo ji ban ren wu qi zhuan hua fa zhu yao yi tian ran qi wei yuan liao tong guo zheng qi de cui
量将得到大幅度的增长，制氢技术也将得到全球的重视。从长远的目光来看开发二次能源——氢是势在必行的。目
liang jiang de dao da fu du de zeng chang zhi qing ji shu ye jiang de dao quan qiu de zhong shi cong chang yuan de mu guang lai kan kai fa er ci neng yuan qing shi shi zai bi hang de mu
氢气，主要用于合成氨和石油加工，这些氢气大约有90％是由化石燃料生成的完美世界国际版任务。随着能源的比例不断增加，氢产
qing qi zhu yao yong yu he cheng an he shi you jia gong zhe xie qing qi da yue you 90 shi you hua shi ran liao sheng cheng de wan mei shi jie guo ji ban ren wu sui zhe neng yuan de bi li bu duan zeng jia qing chan
；在冶金工业中作为还原气体；在合成氨工业中作为重要的原料等等。但目前全世界每年约生产5×1011m3
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可作保护气体用于电子工业中；可作为燃料为居民生活取暖、烹煮、加热等提供能源；可作为燃料电池的动力能源
ke zuo bao hu qi ti yong yu dian zi gong ye zhong ke zuo wei ran liao wei ju min sheng huo qu nuan peng zhu jia re deng ti gong neng yuan ke zuo wei ran liao dian chi de dong li neng yuan
席之地，它的用途越来越广泛?1：它可作为一种高能燃料，用于航完美世界国际版任务天飞机、火箭等航天行业及城市公共汽车上；
xi zhi di ta de yong tu yue lai yue guang fan ?1 ta ke zuo wei yi zhong gao neng ran liao yong yu hang wan mei shi jie guo ji ban ren wu tian fei ji huo jian deng hang tian hang ye ji cheng shi gong gong qi che shang
洋能、生物能等清洁而且可再生的能源所代替。氢能作为一种洁净环保而且含能高的能源，将在能源体系中占有一
yang neng sheng wu neng deng qing jie er qie ke zai sheng de neng yuan suo dai ti qing neng zuo wei yi zhong jie jing huan bao er qie han neng gao de neng yuan jiang zai neng yuan ti xi zhong zhan you yi
储存的逐渐枯竭，以及对环境保护的日益重视，以石油、煤完美世界国际版任务炭、天然气为代表的一次能源终将被太阳能、风能、海
chu cun de zhu jian ku jie yi ji dui huan jing bao hu de ri yi zhong shi yi shi you mei wan mei shi jie guo ji ban ren wu tan tian ran qi wei dai biao de yi ci neng yuan zhong jiang bei tai yang neng feng neng hai
人类获得能源主要依靠石油、煤、天然气铀等化石燃料。随着人类经济的日益发展，化石燃料消耗量逐渐增大及其
ren lei huo de neng yuan zhu yao yi kao shi you mei tian ran qi you deng hua shi ran liao sui zhe ren lei jing ji de ri yi fa zhan hua shi ran liao xiao hao liang zhu jian zeng da ji qi
图分类号 tk16 文献标识码 a文章编号 1008—完美世界国际版任务9411(2006)03—0033—03目前，
tu fen lei hao tk16 wen xian biao shi ma a wen zhang bian hao 1008 wan mei shi jie guo ji ban ren wu 9411(2006)03 0033 03 mu qian
合成方法、析氢反应催化性能、反应机理做了简要的评叙和分析。关键词 氢能 镍合金 水电解 析氢过电位中
he cheng fang fa xi qing fan ying cui hua xing neng fan ying ji li zuo le jian yao de ping xu he fen xi guan jian ci qing neng nie he jin shui dian jie xi qing guo dian wei zhong
电解水是实现大规模制氢的重要手段。镍合金作为碱性电解水完美世界国际版任务阴极有着价格低廉、析氢过电位低的特征。文章就其
dian jie shui shi shi xian da gui mo zhi qing de zhong yao shou duan nie he jin zuo wei jian xing dian jie shui wan mei shi jie guo ji ban ren wu yin ji you zhe jia ge di lian xi qing guo dian wei di de te zheng wen zhang jiu qi
庞志成 罗震宁(北京理工大学理学院化学系，北京，100081)摘 要氢能是一种高效、洁净的二次能源，
pang zhi cheng luo zhen ning ( bei jing li gong da xue li xue yuan hua xue xi bei jing 100081) zhai yao qing neng shi yi zhong gao xiao jie jing de er ci neng yuan