两极的小磁针。然而，由roger bacon倡导的这股实验风气，遭到教廷的强烈反对，很快被压了下去，
liang ji de xiao ci zhen ran er you roger bacon chang dao de zhe gu shi yan feng qi zao dao jiao ting de qiang lie fan dui hen kuai bei ya le xia qu
磁力实验中的发现。例如，异性磁极相吸，同性磁极相斥；一根磁针断为两半时，每一半又成为一根单独完整的有
ci li shi yan zhong de fa xian li ru yi xing ci ji xiang xi tong xing ci ji xiang chi yi gen ci zhen duan wei liang ban shi mei yi ban you cheng wei yi gen dan du wan zheng de you
切事物”。在rogerbacon这种崇高的实验思想影响下，他的朋友皮特写了一本小册子，记述了他自己在
qie shi wu zai rogerbacon zhe zhong chong gao de shi yan si xiang ying xiang xia ta de peng you pi te xie le yi ben xiao ce zi ji shu le ta zi ji zai
表自己意见的人，算不得真正的学者”，真正的学者“应当靠实验来弄懂自然科学、医学、炼金术和天上地下的一
biao zi ji yi jian de ren suan bu de zhen zheng de xue zhe zhen zheng de xue zhe ying dang kao shi yan lai nong dong zi ran ke xue yi xue lian jin shu he tian shang di xia de yi
验风气。当时牛津大学的著名学者roger bacon认为：“过去那种靠有名无实的权威和传统的习惯来发
yan feng qi dang shi niu jin da xue de zhu ming xue zhe roger bacon ren wei guo qu na zhong kao you ming wu shi de quan wei he chuan tong de xi guan lai fa
大学的高潮。不少学者崇尚古希腊的科学著作，纷纷把古代科学著作翻译出来，而且还相应地兴起了一股短暂的实
da xue de gao chao bu shao xue zhe chong shang gu xi la de ke xue zhu zuo fen fen ba gu dai ke xue zhu zuo fan yi chu lai er qie hai xiang ying di xing qi le yi gu duan zan de shi
罗盘传到欧洲，正值13世纪欧洲的工艺商业等各方面都取得了重大进步的好时候，当时还掀起了营造教堂和兴建
luo pan chuan dao ou zhou zheng zhi 13 shi ji ou zhou de gong yi shang ye deng ge fang mian dou qu de le zhong da jin bu de hao shi hou dang shi hai xian qi le ying zao jiao tang he xing jian
南宋后，人民教育网罗盘在航海中普遍使用，约12世纪末13世纪初中国指南针由海路传入阿拉伯，又由阿拉伯传到欧洲。
nan song hou ren min jiao yu wang luo pan zai hang hai zhong pu bian shi yong yue 12 shi ji mo 13 shi ji chu zhong guo zhi nan zhen you hai lu chuan ru a la bo you you a la bo chuan dao ou zhou
括指出了4种指南针的安放办法，即水浮水、指甲法、碗唇法、丝悬法。中国还是最早将指南针用于航海的国家。
kuo zhi chu le 4 zhong zhi nan zhen de an fang ban fa ji shui fu shui zhi jia fa wan chun fa si xuan fa zhong guo hai shi zui zao jiang zhi nan zhen yong yu hang hai de guo jia
全南也。”这是世界上最早的关于地人民教育网磁偏角的文字记载。对世界文明有重要影响的指南针是中国古代人的发明。沈
quan nan ye zhe shi shi jie shang zui zao de guan yu di ren min jiao yu wang ci pian jiao de wen zi ji zai dui shi jie wen ming you zhong yao ying xiang de zhi nan zhen shi zhong guo gu dai ren de fa ming shen
石摩擦即可获得磁性。沈括在《梦溪笔谈》(卷廿四)中写道：“方家以磁石摩铁峰，则能指南，然常微偏东，不
shi mo ca ji ke huo de ci xing shen kuo zai meng xi bi tan ( juan nian si ) zhong xie dao fang jia yi ci shi mo tie feng ze neng zhi nan ran chang wei pian dong bu
取得当时世界上的最好成就。沈括(1033—1097)和寇宗爽都讲到了人工磁化材料的方法，即将铁针与磁
qu de dang shi shi jie shang de zui hao cheng jiu shen kuo (1033 1097) he kou zong shuang dou jiang dao le ren gong ci hua cai liao de fang fa ji jiang tie zhen yu ci
曾发现用梳子梳理头发和解脱丝绸毛制衣服时的起电现象，他看到静电人民教育网火花，听到放电的噼啪声。中国宋代静磁学
ceng fa xian yong shu zi shu li tou fa he jie tuo si chou mao zhi yi fu shi de qi dian xian xiang ta kan dao jing dian ren min jiao yu wang huo hua ting dao fang dian de pi pa sheng zhong guo song dai jing ci xue
，投之以地，其柢指南。”汉代初期，已有玳瑁、玻珀经摩擦吸引轻小物体的记载。晋代张华(232-300)
tou zhi yi di qi di zhi nan han dai chu qi yi you dai mao bo po jing mo ca xi yin qing xiao wu ti de ji zai jin dai zhang hua (232-300)
”。汉代王充在其著作《论衡》中对世界上最古老的指南针“司南”作了人民教育网进一步详细的记述，他写道：“司南之杓
han dai wang chong zai qi zhu zuo lun heng zhong dui shi jie shang zui gu lao de zhi nan zhen si nan zuo le ren min jiao yu wang jin yi bu xiang xi de ji shu ta xie dao si nan zhi shao
鬼谷子》、战国末期的《吕氏春秋》等，都曾记述了天然磁石及其吸铁现象，记述了世界上最古老的指南针“司南
gui gu zi zhan guo mo qi de lv shi chun qiu deng dou ceng ji shu le tian ran ci shi ji qi xi tie xian xiang ji shu le shi jie shang zui gu lao de zhi nan zhen si nan
象认识最早的国家之一，在古代中国，大约在春秋末期(约前四五世纪人民教育网)成书的《管子·地数管》、战国时期的《
xiang ren shi zui zao de guo jia zhi yi zai gu dai zhong guo da yue zai chun qiu mo qi ( yue qian si wu shi ji ren min jiao yu wang ) cheng shu de guan zi di shu guan zhan guo shi qi de
的不泄努力才使得电磁学渗透到现代生活的方方面面，下面我们就简单了解一下电磁学的发展历史。我国是对磁现
de bu xie nu li cai shi de dian ci xue shen tou dao xian dai sheng huo de fang fang mian mian xia mian wo men jiu jian dan le jie yi xia dian ci xue de fa zhan li shi wo guo shi dui ci xian
是对磁现象的一个很好的应用，古代对电磁的研究为近现代电磁学的飞速发展奠人民教育网定了很好的基础。也正是由于前人
shi dui ci xian xiang de yi ge hen hao de ying yong gu dai dui dian ci de yan jiu wei jin xian dai dian ci xue de fei su fa zhan dian ren min jiao yu wang ding le hen hao de ji chu ye zheng shi you yu qian ren
电磁学是一门古老的学科，在很早以前各国对电磁的一些现象就有了解和研究。中国古代四大发明之一的指南针就
dian ci xue shi yi men gu lao de xue ke zai hen zao yi qian ge guo dui dian ci de yi xie xian xiang jiu you le jie he yan jiu zhong guo gu dai si da fa ming zhi yi de zhi nan zhen jiu