统采用小电阻和升压变压器来实现。升压变压器出来的是交流电，其瞬时值是不断变化的。而判断刀具是否过载是
tong cai yong xiao dian zu he sheng ya bian ya qi lai shi xian sheng ya bian ya qi chu lai de shi jiao liu dian qi shun shi zhi shi bu duan bian hua de er pan duan dao ju shi fou guo zai shi
信号，而刀具过载时变化的是主回路电流，所以需要将变化的电流信号转化成变化的电压信号供单片机处理。本系
xin hao er dao ju guo zai shi bian hua de shi zhu hui lu dian liu suo yi xu yao jiang bian hua de dian liu xin hao zhuan hua cheng bian hua de dian ya xin hao gong dan pian ji chu li ben xi
监测主回路电流，判断刀具过载后，发出报警信号和制动停车信号。因为单片机只能处理电压信号，不能处理电流
jian ce zhu hui lu dian liu pan duan dao ju guo zai hou fa chu bao jing xin hao he zhi dong ting che xin hao yin wei dan pian ji zhi neng chu li dian ya xin hao bu neng chu li dian liu
。3控制系统的硬件设计按设计要求，本控制系统要能对刀具稳定切削状态下的主电机电流进行自动检测，并实时
3 kong zhi xi tong de ying jian she ji an she ji yao qiu ben kong zhi xi tong yao neng dui dao ju wen ding qie xue zhuang tai xia de zhu dian ji dian liu jin hang zi dong jian ce bing shi shi
保护的控制线路。这套线路稳定可靠，能迅速切断任何有损刀具的过载电流，适用于精度和实时性要求较高的场合
bao hu de kong zhi xian lu zhe tao xian lu wen ding ke kao neng xun su qie duan ren he you sun dao ju de guo zai dian liu shi yong yu jing du he shi shi xing yao qiu jiao gao de chang he
而且要达到实现保护后，不论电机的电流多大，都能够立即制动停车的要求。本文设计了用单片机实现对刀具过载
er qie yao da dao shi xian bao hu hou bu lun dian ji de dian liu duo da dou neng gou li ji zhi dong ting che de yao qiu ben wen she ji le yong dan pian ji shi xian dui dao ju guo zai
护线路即能完成检测该切削状态下主电机电流信号的大小，并跟踪这一信号，超过即报警，继续增加就立即停车，
hu xian lu ji neng wan cheng jian ce gai qie xue zhuang tai xia zhu dian ji dian liu xin hao de da xiao bing gen zong zhe yi xin hao chao guo ji bao jing ji xu zeng jia jiu li ji ting che
进行过载保护的机床刀具有以上特点，所以设计的保护线路应河间贴吧满足要求:稳定切割后,发出刀具保护调整指令，保
jin hang guo zai bao hu de ji chuang dao ju you yi shang te dian suo yi she ji de bao hu xian lu ying he jian tie ba man zu yao qiu : wen ding qie ge hou , fa chu dao ju bao hu diao zheng zhi ling bao
机床上，由作人员根据当时的加工情况而定,不能预先给出某一刀具所对应的稳定切削时的主电机功率。由于需要
ji chuang shang you zuo ren yuan gen ju dang shi de jia gong qing kuang er ding , bu neng yu xian gei chu mou yi dao ju suo dui ying de wen ding qie xue shi de zhu dian ji gong lv you yu xu yao
厂家的刀具，其稳定切削时的主电机功率也有所差别。因此，每一刀具的稳河间贴吧定切削时的主电机功率，只能在特定的
chang jia de dao ju qi wen ding qie xue shi de zhu dian ji gong lv ye you suo cha bie yin ci mei yi dao ju de wen he jian tie ba ding qie xue shi de zhu dian ji gong lv zhi neng zai te ding de
不同的机床上加工，稳定切削时的主电机功率就不同,而且有的差别很大。由于刀具的材质和刃磨不同，而且不同
bu tong de ji chuang shang jia gong wen ding qie xue shi de zhu dian ji gong lv jiu bu tong , er qie you de cha bie hen da you yu dao ju de cai zhi he ren mo bu tong er qie bu tong
主电机的额定功率。相同型号的机床，由于出厂日期不同，机床的传动效率也不同。所以，同品种同模数的刀具在
zhu dian ji de e ding gong lv xiang tong xing hao de ji chuang you yu chu chang ri qi bu tong ji chuang de chuan dong xiao lv ye bu tong suo yi tong pin zhong tong mo shu de dao ju zai
进行刀具过载保护的机床的特点及主要工作不同规格的刀具所允许的切削载荷不同河间贴吧，多数刀具在破损时都还达不到
jin hang dao ju guo zai bao hu de ji chuang de te dian ji zhu yao gong zuo bu tong gui ge de dao ju suo yun hu de qie xue zai he bu tong he jian tie ba duo shu dao ju zai po sun shi dou hai da bu dao
废，重则导致机床部件损坏，使机床的精度严重下降。因此，对刀具进行过载保护有着相当重要的意义。2 需要
fei zhong ze dao zhi ji chuang bu jian sun huai shi ji chuang de jing du yan zhong xia jiang yin ci dui dao ju jin hang guo zai bao hu you zhe xiang dang zhong yao de yi yi 2 xu yao
,必须把整个流水线停下来进行逐台检查，这样便河间贴吧降低了生产效率。如果不能及时发现刀具故障，轻则导致工件报
, bi xu ba zheng ge liu shui xian ting xia lai jin hang zhu tai jian cha zhe yang bian he jian tie ba jiang di le sheng chan xiao lv ru guo bu neng ji shi fa xian dao ju gu zhang qing ze dao zhi gong jian bao
被检测出由于刀具过载引起的产品报废，那么很多工序就是严重浪费。而人工却很难确认哪台机床的刀具出现问题
bei jian ce chu you yu dao ju guo zai yin qi de chan pin bao fei na me hen duo gong xu jiu shi yan zhong lang fei er ren gong que hen nan que ren na tai ji chuang de dao ju chu xian wen ti
那么后几道工序的完成就形河间贴吧成很大的浪费。特别是在流水线上进行加工，如果加工的工件在流水线的末端流出时才
na me hou ji dao gong xu de wan cheng jiu xing he jian tie ba cheng hen da de lang fei te bie shi zai liu shui xian shang jin hang jia gong ru guo jia gong de gong jian zai liu shui xian de mo duan liu chu shi cai
重要了。一般地，对于工件的一次装夹，加工中心要完成好几道工序，如果在加工第一道工序时刀具就已经崩断，
zhong yao le yi ban di dui yu gong jian de yi ci zhuang jia jia gong zhong xin yao wan cheng hao ji dao gong xu ru guo zai jia gong di yi dao gong xu shi dao ju jiu yi jing beng duan
的加工质量。但在加工过程中，河间贴吧刀具经常会因过载而被损坏，如崩断、卷刀等，所以对刀具进行过载保护就显得很
de jia gong zhi liang dan zai jia gong guo cheng zhong he jian tie ba dao ju jing chang hui yin guo zai er bei sun huai ru beng duan juan dao deng suo yi dui dao ju jin hang guo zai bao hu jiu xian de hen
1 引言 切削加工离不开刀具，刀具是机床和加工中必不可少的设备，而且刀具工作是否正常将直接影响到产品
1 yin yan qie xue jia gong li bu kai dao ju dao ju shi ji chuang he jia gong zhong bi bu ke shao de she bei er qie dao ju gong zuo shi fou zheng chang jiang zhi jie ying xiang dao chan pin